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3000 years of history of Xi ‘an,
See Beijing above ground, Xi ‘an below ground,
The Xi ‘an Terra Cotta Warriorss, the most valuable underground army of the Qin Dynasty
Different from the first visit to Xi ‘an more than 20 years ago, it is very convenient to go to Xi ‘an now, the high-speed train can take you to the ancient city of Xi ‘an in a few hours, you can see along the way from the Yangtze River basin into the Yellow River basin, from the Huabu plain into the Guanzhong plain, the mighty Qinling Mountain, the rolling Yellow River, let people feel quite a lot.
The corn and peanuts grown in the North China Plain show that the climate is very different from that of the south.
After entering Tongguan, you can see the lofty Qinling Mountains in the distance, which is the dragon vein of the Chinese nation. From here, you can see the western Mountain Huashan from afar, and the rich Guanzhong plain near here, which indicates that Xi ‘an is coming soon.
A must-see in Xi ‘an is the Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shihuang. Although Xi ‘an was the capital of 13 dynasties, due to the passage of time and the changes of dynasties, not many historical monuments can be left, mainly the remains of the Qin Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, such as: Terracotta warriors, Huaqing Pool, Big and small wild Yan Pagoda, Famen Temple, forest of Steles, etc., while others are built or rebuilt in modern imitation, such as the City that never sleeps in the Tang Dynasty and the city wall of the Ming Dynasty. No wonder, Qin was the first dynasty to establish its capital in Xi ‘an, and Tang was the pinnacle of ancient Chinese dynasties. But there are many underground cultural relics in Xi ‘an, there are a large number of imperial tombs in various dynasties, so some people say: see Beijing on the ground, see Xi ‘an underground.
Xi ‘an:the city and the ancient Chang ‘an, was the imperial capital of 13 dynasties. Such a rich background is enough to be destined to leave a strong ink on the page of Chinese history. Many of the historic sites of this northwestern city can still be seen as she was prosperous at that time, ancient buildings and modern buildings echo each other, the wide roads are busy, and pedestrians rub shoulders in the streets to come and go. A gust of wind has been blowing slowly for thousands of years, blowing away the swords and swords, blowing away the drumming.
Time flies in the wind, dust to dust, dust to dust, the past bustling scattered clouds, dusty memories forever left in the depths of history. From the Qin Empire to the heyday of Kaiyuan, the war of history has long been extinguished in the red dust. All the way, now she only has a cold moon hanging over her, the night as deep loneliness, noble loneliness. There are very few buildings left on the ground in the ancient capital of 13 dynasties, but there is a vast sea of 3,000 years of glory buried underground.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses are undoubtedly the most famous underground monuments, the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, the first batch of Chinese World Heritage sites, known as the “eighth wonder of the world”, and is also known as one of the world’s ten ancient tomb rare treasures.
I have been to Xi ‘an four times and seen a lot of places, including the Terra-cotta Warriors three times, every time I come to Xi ‘an want to see, the last time was more than 10 years ago, the impression is not deep, only remember that from the parking lot to the museum through a long commercial street, very inconvenient, this time came again, but the commercial street is longer and more chaotic. From this point of view, with the increase of age, the memory is getting worse, which is why I must write some records after each trip, often a few years later, I can not remember the scene at that time, when I write down the text again, I can find the thoughts and feelings in the chaos of memory.
In fact, many scenic spots in China only consider making money, do not consider the experience of tourists, some scenic parking is set nearly 20 kilometers away from the scenic spot, it is necessary to earn ferry fares, the experience of tourists is not good, so that tourists feel that the scenic spot deliberately difficult tourists. To see some scenic spots abroad, the parking lot is on the side, so that tourists are convenient, just set up a commercial town next to it, so that tourists can eat and stay, and try to consider the convenience of tourists, this practice is very worthy of our learning.
The terra-cotta warriors were discovered by a farmer surnamed Yang, who stumbled upon a terracotta figure while digging a well in 1974. He took the figure to the local authorities and reported it to the archaeological authorities. Later, in order to recognize this villager, he was specially appointed as the honorary director of the Terra-Cotta Army Museum, and enjoyed the special allowance of The State Council. I saw him once, about a farmer from the Northwest. In order to protect and build the museum, the government arranged for the relocation of nearby villagers, and the villagers became rich because of the fame of the Terracotta Warriors, and every family built beautiful two-story villas. Local villagers said: The wealth depends on the first emperor.
The distance from the parking lot to the Terracotta Army Museum is very inconvenient. The summer temperature is very high, visitors are woven, you can see all kinds of people here, but the queue is very hard, sweating.
Pit No. 1 is the first to be discovered, is also the essence of the Terra-cotta Army is relatively well preserved, is the main venue for the restoration of Terra-Cotta Army.
Because there are so many tourists to visit the Terra-cotta Warriors, you have to make an appointment at least one day in advance to get a ticket, which makes holidays even more difficult! I am not a holiday visit is still very crowded, the terracotta Army pit around the crowded, can not see the pit. In the middle of summer, there is no air conditioning in the No. 1 pit, so it is unusually hot and sweaty, and some tourists suffer from heat stroke here, and the humanistic care of tourists in the scenic spot is not enough.
Terracotta warriors are funerary objects made in the shape of soldiers and horses (chariots, horses, soldiers). The Qin Terracotta Army is a typical burial of terracotta warriors on behalf of others, and it can also be regarded as the progress of human nature by burying terracotta warriors on behalf of others. According to research, in the first year of Qin Ziying (206 BC), Xiang Yu invaded Guanzhong and destroyed the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang on a large scale, causing the collapse of the first and second pits, crushing the pottery figurines. Some of them were burned by Xiang Yu and destroyed by digging the Emperor’s mausoleum…
The expressions of the Terra-cotta warriors vary, some gazing intently into the distance, as if missing their loved ones, some solemn, and some beaming. There were signs of fire in the pit of the terracotta warriors, which should have been done by Xiang Yu. It is said that the Chu army was short of weapons at that time, and it was heard that there were weapons in the first pit of the imperial tomb, so Xiang Yu took away the weapons and smashed the terracotta warriors, so now we see that the hands of the terracotta warriors are empty.
This is the restoration area of the Terracotta Warriors in Pit No. 1, which is difficult to repair because many terracotta warriors are still in fragmentary state. It is said that it takes several years to restore a terracotta army, and I guess the terracotta army I saw standing here last time has not been repaired.
Pit No. 1 is the first to be discovered, is also the essence of the Terra-cotta Army is relatively well preserved, is the main venue for the restoration of Terra-Cotta Army. Only three pits, one, two and three, have been excavated, which is just the tip of the iceberg compared to the total number of terracotta warriors buried underground. Because less than three minutes after the terra-cotta warriors were unearthed, the original bright purple armor was immediately oxidized and lost its color, and the surface materials also fell off to varying degrees, and the original glowing, real-like “soldiers and horses” instantly became pottery terracotta warriors. In order to protect them, so now buried in the ground can not let their face.
Every time I see the real Terracotta warriors, I will be deeply shocked! Countless terracotta warriors and horses neatly arranged in the tunnel, making people feel like coming to the ancient battlefield of gold and iron horses, and experiencing the mighty and mighty army of the Qin Empire more than 2,000 years ago. That’s why I come to see it every time, and it blows me away.
The No. 2 pit of Terracotta warriors can be roughly divided into four relatively independent units: the crossbow warriors square array, the four horses and chariots square array, the chariots and cavalry warriors mixed square array, and the cavalry warriors square array.
There are many terra-cotta warriors in the second pit that have not yet been excavated, because it is difficult to protect their colors after excavation. Under these mounds are the terra-cotta warriors that have not yet been excavated, and if excavated, it is estimated that more surprises will be brought to us.
The terracotta warriors and horses were fired according to the actual size of the soldiers and horses at that time, although the number is countless, but each one is unique, fine production, even the eyes and hair are very image, it is really a genius! A horse is also fat and strong, each with its own characteristics, is really the crystallization of the ancient craftsmen’s hard work and wisdom.
The expressions of the Terra-cotta warriors vary: some look intently into the distance, as if they are thinking of their loved ones, some are solemn, and some are smiling. Their movements are also different: some bow and pull arrows, as if they can hit the enemy in an instant; Some looked around on horseback, as if they were observing the enemy; Some fingers in front of them, as if giving orders.
The No. 3 pit of Terracotta Warriors and the No. 1 pit and the No. 2 Pit are an organic whole, which seems to be the headquarters of the three armies.
No. 3 pit has a modern excavation of a stolen hole, may only dig out some pottery pieces, the tomb robbers did not dig deep, the terracotta warriors escaped.
The hands of the terracotta warriors are leaning forward in a half-grip shape, which should be the posture of holding weapons, but after more than 2,000 years of erosion, the wooden handles of the weapons have long been reduced to ashes, and some were snatched away by Xiang Yu. The terracotta warriors appeared side-by-side with four horses every few rows, which should have been four chariots, but the chariots had long since collapsed and decayed. These vertical warriors, all dressed in armor, are heroic, as if ready to go.
See the introduction: No. 1 pit is the largest, for infantry troops, about 5 meters deep underground, 230 meters long from east to west, 62 meters wide from north to south. There are more than 6,000 pottery figures and horses in the pit, orderly arranged into a circular square. At the east end of the pit, there are three rows of warriors, armed with crossbow weapons, like a forward force, followed by the main force of about 6,000 armored figurines, armed with spears, spears, halberds and other long weapons, and 35 chariots of four horses arranged in 11 aisles into 38 columns.
The No. 2 pit of Terracotta warriors can be roughly divided into four relatively independent units: the crossbow warriors square array, the four horses and chariots square array, the chariots and cavalry warriors mixed square array, and the cavalry warriors square array. The No. 3 pit of Terracotta Warriors and the No. 1 pit and the No. 2 Pit are an organic whole, which seems to be the headquarters of the three armies.
Every time I visit Xi ‘an Terra Cotta Warriors, I can’t help but be shocked by this underground army of two thousand years ago. They put on strong, solemn expression, orderly formation, uniform military appearance, magnificent. This time there is no bronze chariots and horses, the Terracotta Warriors pavilion is not open to the public, if it is the first time visitors here will feel sorry, but I found that many people do not pay attention to this situation.
